考前必讀：托福經(jīng)典聽(tīng)力加試--拉格泰姆音樂(lè)

Ragtime 介紹了一種流行于美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)左右名為 ragtime 的音樂(lè)，能夠表現(xiàn)年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之類(lèi)的，此樂(lè)流行是由于 piano 的關(guān)系，因?yàn)閮烧哒媸翘钆淞?。在那個(gè)年代，在各種場(chǎng)合都用鋼琴。此樂(lè)當(dāng)時(shí)流行程度， (like Rock & Roll在某一時(shí)期一樣) 。這里出現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)，女學(xué)生說(shuō)了一堆后，來(lái)了一句I just don't get it， 意思是要教授 explain。

對(duì)話中還談到 piano 之所以當(dāng)時(shí)那么受歡迎，一是因?yàn)樗芘c音律產(chǎn)生和諧，另一是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)它算一種財(cái)富地位的象征什么的 symbol of wealth and status。再加上，那個(gè)年代大家都沒(méi)錢(qián)，就去 public concert or restaurant聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，而 piano 聲音夠響亮，又和 ragtime music rhythm 搭配的天衣無(wú)縫，所以兩者相得益彰。年輕人很喜歡這個(gè)音樂(lè)，因?yàn)楹苡屑で?。除了到處演出，park 演出等不用鋼琴，因?yàn)殡y搬(出現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)because of transportation problem)。 同時(shí)，此樂(lè)也是 jazz 的前身，因?yàn)檠葑嗾卟话磁评沓雠?，一首曲七個(gè)人彈，彈出七種調(diào)。這種ragtime 音樂(lè)影響很遠(yuǎn)，例如現(xiàn)在的 jazz 就是從那發(fā)展來(lái)的。

原文：Ragtime Music

Now listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.

P: Often times we talk about the popularity of music, but we don't always think about the role that the instruments play in their popularity. To give you an idea of what I mean, just take Ragtime music for instance. Without the piano, Ragtime music certainly wouldn't have evolved in the late 1800's the way that it did. I mean...characteristics like the keys, and the chords, made the piano suitable for playing the separate parts of the music: the melodies, rhythms, harmonies, at the same time. So, with one hand you could play the melody, while playing the harmony with the other. All the while maintaining the rhythm, all characteristic of Ragtime music. In other words, the piano allowed musicians to create the lively sound of Ragtime music unlike any other instruments of their time.

And for about 20 years, Ragtime music was America's most popular music, particularly the piano rag, although some people didn't exactly embrace ragtime, young people in general especially liked it.

S: Kind of like Rock and Roll in the '50s?

P: Without a doubt. I mean of course Ragtime in 1900 didn't sound at all like Rock and Roll did in 1950, but I'd say that's a fair comparison. Ragtime generated the same kind of excitement that other kinds of music like Rock and eventually Rap did.

S: Really? Well, with Rock and Rap, I get why they are popular, but when it comes to Ragtime, well...I don't get it.

P: Ok, let’s take a moment to look at what Ragtime music was about; it was fresh and new, it was the first kind of mainstream music that used African-American rhythms and that was exciting, and finally the music and even the lyrics reflected the restless energy and optimism of young people. Can you see how it could capture the spirit of American youth? Just like Rock So, getting back to the piano, of all instruments. As I said before, its unique design was part of the appeal, which was well suited to the style and rhythm of Ragtime music, but there were other reasons why it was so popular. Remember, this was the time before the advent of the automobile. The piano was a symbol of respectability, a symbol of success. Other than a house, it had represented, for many families, their biggest single purchase, and even though not everyone could afford it, everyone wanted to enjoy. So, wherever you would go, restaurants, theaters, the main instrument used for indoor public musical entertainment, was the piano. But let's not leave out the sound quality.

Few people realize how powerful the pianos used at that time were, they used the big types of pianos then, before the smaller pianos like Spinets came into fashion. The Ragtime-era pianos could produce a sound that was so full, it would even resonate through the wooden floors of any building, be it a home, concert hall or whatever! This full sound itself had the listeners actually feeling these unique and exciting piano vibrations though their feet and bones.

S: Wow! I never thought of that. So...they...the piano and the ragtime style were perfect for each other.

P: Well... in a sense... yes. But granted, although the piano's sound quality was exceptional, there were benefits to using other instruments to play ragtime. For instance, events like parades, and park concerts, required instruments that were easier to transport, like the banjo and the comet. Nevertheless, the piano played such a fundamental role in Ragtime. In fact, its sound quality alone contributed to piano sales peaking in 1909—roughly the mid-point of the Ragtime-era. It's no coincidence that the number of published piano rags, or sheet music, also reached their peak their very same year.

S: It's too bad that Ragtime music isn't still around, I kind of liked some of the music from that era.

P: Well, just like all music, it went through some major transitions. It began as a fixed form of music; it always had to be played as written, but that was in the beginning. Eventually, it evolved into a form of music that's still around today. Can you guess what?

S: Hm...I'd say since its rhythm is a lot like jazz, that's got to be it.

P: You got it! You could almost say that jazz is an improvised kind of Ragtime music. So you see, because of jazz, we still have the remnants of Ragtime around.

題目：

第一題： What is the main idea of the lecture?

答案：(C)how does piano contribute to the ragtime music.

第二題：Why the music is popular?

答案：(C)it expressed the spirit of the young people.

第三題：Two reasons of using piano of ragtime.

答案：(C)sound quality.(D)they reflected their wealth and social status.

第四題：Why does the professor mention about parade and park concert?

答案：(B)to explain the piano might be replaced by other instruments sometimes.

第五題：What does the professor say about jazz?

答案：(A)Jazz is improvised form of Ragtime music.

第六題：重聽(tīng)題

Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

Why does the student says this:

With Rock & Roll I can see why it’s popular. But when it comes to Ragtime, well… I don’t get it!

答案：(D)asks for explanation.

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